Long-term results of mitral valve repair

Abstract Introduction: Current guidelines state that patients with severe mitral regurgitation should be treated in reference centers with a high reparability rate, low mortality rate, and durable results. Objective: To analyze our global experience with the treatment of organic mitral regurgitation from various etiologies operated in a single center. Methods: We evaluated all surgically treated patients with organic mitral regurgitation from 2004-2017. Patients were evaluated clinically and by echocardiography every year. We determined early and late survival rates, valve related events and freedom from recurrent mitral regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation. Valve failure was defined as any mitral regurgitation ≥ moderate degree or the need for reoperation for any reason. Results: Out of 133 patients with organic mitral regurgitation, 125 (93.9%) were submitted to valve repair. Mean age was 57±15 years and 52 patients were males. The most common etiologies were degenerative disease (73 patients) and rheumatic disease (34 patients). Early mortality was 2.4% and late survival was 84.3% at 10 years, which are similar to the age- and gender-matched general population. Only two patients developed severe mitral regurgitation, and both were reoperated (95.6% at 10 years). Freedom from mitral valve failure was 84.5% at 10 years, with no difference between degenerative and rheumatic valves. Overall, late ≥ moderate tricuspid regurgitation was present in 34% of the patients, being more common in the rheumatic ones. The use of tricuspid annuloplasty abolished this complication. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that mitral regurgitation due to organic mitral valve disease from various etiologies can be surgically treated with a high repair rate, low early mortality and long-term survival that are comparable to the matched general population. Concomitant treatment of atrial fibrillation and tricuspid valve may be important adjuncts to optimize long-term results.

Dez anos de experiência com a substituição da valva aórtica com homoenxertos valvares aórticos implantados pela técnica da substituição total da raiz / Ten years experience of aortic valve replacement with aortic homograft root replacement

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados imediatos e tardios de 10 anos da substituição da valva aórtica por homoenxertos valvares aórticos implantados pela técnica de substituição total da raiz, e identificar eventuais fatores de risco correlacionados com a degeneração tecidual primária dos enxertos. MÉTODO: Entre maio/1995 e janeiro/2006, 282 pacientes com média de idade de 52,8±16,6 anos foram submetidos à substituição da valva aórtica com homoenxertos valvares. As etiologias prevalentes foram a valva aórtica bicúspide calcificada e a degeneração senil em 49 por cento dos casos. Quarenta e sete pacientes eram reoperações e 26 tinham endocardite bacteriana aguda. Procedimentos associados foram realizados em 113 pacientes. O homoenxerto valvar foi implantado pela técnica de substituição total da raiz em todos os casos. O tempo de seguimento pós-operatório variou de 1 a 129 meses (média = 41±25 meses). RESULTADOS: A mortalidade imediata foi de 7 por cento, sendo de apenas 2,6 por cento nos casos de operação eletiva para a substituição isolada da valva aórtica. Dos 262 que receberam alta hospitalar, foi possível obter avaliação clínica e/ou ecocardiograma em 209 deles, sendo 51 (20 por cento) perdidos durante o seguimento. Houve 17 óbitos tardios, entre o 2° e 81° meses de pós-operatório, o que resultou em curva atuarial de sobrevida global de 90 por cento e 80,1 por cento aos 5 e 10 anos de evolução, respectivamente. Foram observados apenas oito episódios tromboembólicos (quatro imediatos e quatro tardios), durante a evolução para uma incidência linearizada de 0,3 por cento/100 pacientes/ano. Endocardite bacteriana ocorreu em três ocasiões (0,4 por cento/100 pacientes/ano). Nove pacientes foram reoperados, dos quais apenas três por problemas no homoenxerto (uma degeneração tecidual e dois casos de endocardite), o que resultou numa probabilidade de 94 por cento livres dessa complicação aos 10 anos de seguimento. A análise do ecocardiograma...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the imediate and late results of 10 years of aortic valve root replacement with aortic homografts and to identify possible risk factors related with homograft primary tissue failure. METHODS: Between May 1995 and January 2006, 282 patients with a mean age of 52.8±16.6 years were submitted to aortic valve root replacement with an aortic homografts. The most prevalent etiologies were calcified bicuspid aortic valves and senile degeneration, corresponding to 49 percent of the cases. Forty-seven patients were reoperations and acute bacterial endocarditis were present in 26. Associated procedures were necessary in 113 patients. The homograft was implanted as a root replacement in all. Follow-up time varied between 1 and 129 months (mean= 41±25 months). RESULTS: Early overall mortality was 7 percent, with only 2.6 percent for cases of aortic valve replacement in isolation. Of the 262 patients discharged from hospital, it was possible to obtain clinical and echocardiographic evaluations in 209. Fifty-one patients (20 percent) were lost in the follow-up. There were 17 late deaths between the 2nd and 81st postoperative months, which resulted in an actuarial survival rate of 90 percent and 80.1 percent at 5 and 10 years respectively. There were eight thromboembolic events (four early and four late), for a linearized incidence of 0.3 percent events/100 patients/year. Bacterial endocarditis occurred in three occasions (0.4 percent/100 patients/year). Nine patients were re-operated, of which only three were related to the homograft (one case of primary tissue failure and two of bacterial endocarditis), corresponding to a probability of 94 percent of the patients free from this complication at 10 years of follow-up. Late echocardiographic analysis demonstrated maximum gradients varying between 3 and 47 mmHg (mean= 14.5 mmHg), with only two patients having a maximum gradient greater than 40 mmHg. Moderate valvar...